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> library(httr) > baseUrl="https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" > pubmedAction=list(base="entrez/eutils/index.fcgi",search="entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi",fetch="entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi",summary="entrez/eutils/esummary.fcgi") > searchArticleParam=list(retstart=0,retmax=20,usehistory='Y',querykey='',webenv='',term='(nature[TA]) AND 2016[DP]', total_num=0,total_page=1,page_size=20, current_page=1) > postSearchUrl=paste(baseUrl,pubmedAction$search,sep="") > r <- POST(postSearchUrl,body = list(db='pubmed', term=searchArticleParam$term,retmode='json', retstart=searchArticleParam$retstart,retmax=searchArticleParam$retmax, usehistory=searchArticleParam$usehistory,rettype='uilist')) > stop_for_status(r) > data=content(r, "parsed", "application/json") > esearchresult=data$esearchresult > count = esearchresult$count > print(count) [1] "2729" > searchArticleParam$total_num=esearchresult$count > searchArticleParam$querykey=esearchresult$querykey > searchArticleParam$webenv=esearchresult$webenv > pubmedidStr="27680706"; > postFetchUrl=paste(baseUrl,pubmedAction$fetch,sep="") > r2 <- POST(postFetchUrl,body = list(db='pubmed',id=pubmedidStr, retmode='xml',usehistory=searchArticleParam$usehistory,querykey=searchArticleParam$querykey,webenv=searchArticleParam$webenv)) > stop_for_status(r2) > library(xml2) > data2=content(r2, "parsed", "application/xml") No encoding supplied: defaulting to UTF-8. > article=xml_children(data2) > count=length(article) > cnt=1 > while(cnt<=count){title=xml_find_first(article[cnt],".//ArticleTitle") + abstract=xml_find_first(article[cnt],".//AbstractText") + print(xml_text(title)) + print(xml_text(abstract)) + cnt = cnt + 1} [1] "Frizzled proteins are colonic epithelial receptors for C. difficile toxin B." [1] "Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) is a critical virulence factor that causes diseases associated with C. difficile infection. Here we carried out CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome-wide screens and identified the members of the Wnt receptor frizzled family (FZDs) as TcdB receptors. TcdB binds to the conserved Wnt-binding site known as the cysteine-rich domain (CRD), with the highest affinity towards FZD1, 2 and 7. TcdB competes with Wnt for binding to FZDs, and its binding blocks Wnt signalling. FZD1/2/7 triple-knockout cells are highly resistant to TcdB, and recombinant FZD2-CRD prevented TcdB binding to the colonic epithelium. Colonic organoids cultured from FZD7-knockout mice, combined with knockdown of FZD1 and 2, showed increased resistance to TcdB. The colonic epithelium in FZD7-knockout mice was less susceptible to TcdB-induced tissue damage in vivo. These findings establish FZDs as physiologically relevant receptors for TcdB in the colonic epithelium."
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